⭐⭐⭐ Spring Boot 项目实战 ⭐⭐⭐ Spring Cloud 项目实战
《Dubbo 实现原理与源码解析 —— 精品合集》 《Netty 实现原理与源码解析 —— 精品合集》
《Spring 实现原理与源码解析 —— 精品合集》 《MyBatis 实现原理与源码解析 —— 精品合集》
《Spring MVC 实现原理与源码解析 —— 精品合集》 《数据库实体设计合集》
《Spring Boot 实现原理与源码解析 —— 精品合集》 《Java 面试题 + Java 学习指南》

摘要: 原创出处 https://www.jianshu.com/p/9acf36f7e025 「占小狼」欢迎转载,保留摘要,谢谢!


🙂🙂🙂关注**微信公众号:【芋道源码】**有福利:

  1. RocketMQ / MyCAT / Sharding-JDBC 所有源码分析文章列表
  2. RocketMQ / MyCAT / Sharding-JDBC 中文注释源码 GitHub 地址
  3. 您对于源码的疑问每条留言将得到认真回复。甚至不知道如何读源码也可以请教噢
  4. 新的源码解析文章实时收到通知。每周更新一篇左右
  5. 认真的源码交流微信群。

上一章节中,我们分析了Netty服务的启动过程,本章节分析Netty的NioEventLoop是如工作的。

img

NioEventLoop中维护了一个线程,线程启动时会调用NioEventLoop的run方法,执行I/O任务和非I/O任务:

I/O任务 即selectionKey中ready的事件,如accept、connect、read、write等,由processSelectedKeys方法触发。

非IO任务 添加到taskQueue中的任务,如register0、bind0等任务,由runAllTasks方法触发。

两种任务的执行时间比由变量ioRatio控制,默认为50,则表示允许非IO任务执行的时间与IO任务的执行时间相等。

NioEventLoop.run 方法实现

protected void run() {
for (;;) {
boolean oldWakenUp = wakenUp.getAndSet(false);
try {
if (hasTasks()) {
selectNow();
} else {
select(oldWakenUp);
if (wakenUp.get()) {
selector.wakeup();
}
}

cancelledKeys = 0;
needsToSelectAgain = false;
final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
if (ioRatio == 100) {
processSelectedKeys();
runAllTasks();
} else {
final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();

processSelectedKeys();

final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);
}

if (isShuttingDown()) {
closeAll();
if (confirmShutdown()) {
break;
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn("Unexpected exception in the selector loop.", t);

// Prevent possible consecutive immediate failures that lead to
// excessive CPU consumption.
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// Ignore.
}
}
}
}

hasTasks()方法判断当前taskQueue是否有元素。 1、 如果taskQueue中有元素,执行 selectNow() 方法,最终执行selector.selectNow(),该方法会立即返回。

void selectNow() throws IOException {
try {
selector.selectNow();
} finally {
// restore wakup state if needed
if (wakenUp.get()) {
selector.wakeup();
}
}
}

2、 如果taskQueue没有元素,执行 select(oldWakenUp) 方法,代码如下:

private void select(boolean oldWakenUp) throws IOException {
Selector selector = this.selector;
try {
int selectCnt = 0;
long currentTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
long selectDeadLineNanos = currentTimeNanos + delayNanos(currentTimeNanos);
for (;;) {
long timeoutMillis = (selectDeadLineNanos - currentTimeNanos + 500000L) / 1000000L;
if (timeoutMillis <= 0) {
if (selectCnt == 0) {
selector.selectNow();
selectCnt = 1;
}
break;
}

int selectedKeys = selector.select(timeoutMillis);
selectCnt ++;

if (selectedKeys != 0 || oldWakenUp || wakenUp.get() || hasTasks() || hasScheduledTasks()) {
// - Selected something,
// - waken up by user, or
// - the task queue has a pending task.
// - a scheduled task is ready for processing
break;
}
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
// Thread was interrupted so reset selected keys and break so we not run into a busy loop.
// As this is most likely a bug in the handler of the user or it's client library we will
// also log it.
//
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2426
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Selector.select() returned prematurely because " +
"Thread.currentThread().interrupt() was called. Use " +
"NioEventLoop.shutdownGracefully() to shutdown the NioEventLoop.");
}
selectCnt = 1;
break;
}

long time = System.nanoTime();
if (time - TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(timeoutMillis) >= currentTimeNanos) {
// timeoutMillis elapsed without anything selected.
selectCnt = 1;
} else if (SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD > 0 &&
selectCnt >= SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD) {
// The selector returned prematurely many times in a row.
// Rebuild the selector to work around the problem.
logger.warn(
"Selector.select() returned prematurely {} times in a row; rebuilding selector.",
selectCnt);

rebuildSelector();
selector = this.selector;

// Select again to populate selectedKeys.
selector.selectNow();
selectCnt = 1;
break;
}

currentTimeNanos = time;
}

if (selectCnt > MIN_PREMATURE_SELECTOR_RETURNS) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Selector.select() returned prematurely {} times in a row.", selectCnt - 1);
}
}
} catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug(CancelledKeyException.class.getSimpleName() + " raised by a Selector - JDK bug?", e);
}
// Harmless exception - log anyway
}
}

这个方法解决了Nio中臭名昭著的bug:selector的select方法导致cpu100%。 1、delayNanos(currentTimeNanos):计算延迟任务队列中第一个任务的到期执行时间(即最晚还能延迟多长时间执行),默认返回1s。每个SingleThreadEventExecutor都持有一个延迟执行任务的优先队列PriorityQueue,启动线程时,往队列中加入一个任务。

protected long delayNanos(long currentTimeNanos) {
ScheduledFutureTask<?> delayedTask = delayedTaskQueue.peek();
if (delayedTask == null) {
return SCHEDULE_PURGE_INTERVAL;
}
return delayedTask.delayNanos(currentTimeNanos);
}

//ScheduledFutureTask
public long delayNanos(long currentTimeNanos) {
return Math.max(0, deadlineNanos() - (currentTimeNanos - START_TIME));
}
public long deadlineNanos() {
return deadlineNanos;
}

2、如果延迟任务队列中第一个任务的最晚还能延迟执行的时间小于500000纳秒,且selectCnt == 0(selectCnt 用来记录selector.select方法的执行次数和标识是否执行过selector.selectNow()),则执行selector.selectNow()方法并立即返回。 3、否则执行selector.select(timeoutMillis),这个方法已经在深入浅出NIO Socket分析过。 4、如果已经存在ready的selectionKey,或者selector被唤醒,或者taskQueue不为空,或则scheduledTaskQueue不为空,则退出循环。 5、如果 selectCnt 没达到阈值SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD(默认512),则继续进行for循环。其中 currentTimeNanos 在select操作之后会重新赋值当前时间,如果selector.select(timeoutMillis)行为真的阻塞了timeoutMillis,第二次的timeoutMillis肯定等于0,此时selectCnt 为1,所以会直接退出for循环。 6、如果触发了epool cpu100%的bug,会发生什么? selector.select(timeoutMillis)操作会立即返回,不会阻塞timeoutMillis,导致 currentTimeNanos 几乎不变,这种情况下,会反复执行selector.select(timeoutMillis),变量selectCnt 会逐渐变大,当selectCnt 达到阈值,则执行rebuildSelector方法,进行selector重建,解决cpu占用100%的bug。

public void rebuildSelector() {
if (!inEventLoop()) {
execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
rebuildSelector();
}
});
return;
}
final Selector oldSelector = selector;
final Selector newSelector;
if (oldSelector == null) {
return;
}
try {
newSelector = openSelector();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("Failed to create a new Selector.", e);
return;
}
// Register all channels to the new Selector.
int nChannels = 0;
for (;;) {
try {
for (SelectionKey key: oldSelector.keys()) {
Object a = key.attachment();
try {
if (key.channel().keyFor(newSelector) != null) {
continue;
}
int interestOps = key.interestOps();
key.cancel();
key.channel().register(newSelector, interestOps, a);
nChannels ++;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("Failed to re-register a Channel to the new Selector.", e);
if (a instanceof AbstractNioChannel) {
AbstractNioChannel ch = (AbstractNioChannel) a;
ch.unsafe().close(ch.unsafe().voidPromise());
} else {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
NioTask<SelectableChannel> task = (NioTask<SelectableChannel>) a;
invokeChannelUnregistered(task, key, e);
}
}
}
} catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
// Probably due to concurrent modification of the key set.
continue;
}

break;
}
selector = newSelector;
try {
// time to close the old selector as everything else is registered to the new one
oldSelector.close();
} catch (Throwable t) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Failed to close the old Selector.", t);
}
}
logger.info("Migrated " + nChannels + " channel(s) to the new Selector.");
}

rebuildSelector过程: 1、通过方法openSelector创建一个新的selector。 2、将old selector的selectionKey执行cancel。 3、将old selector的channel重新注册到新的selector中。

对selector进行rebuild后,需要重新执行方法selectNow,检查是否有已ready的selectionKey。

方法selectNow()或select(oldWakenUp)返回后,执行方法processSelectedKeys和runAllTasks。 1、processSelectedKeys 用来处理有事件发生的selectkey,这里对优化过的方法processSelectedKeysOptimized进行分析:

private void processSelectedKeysOptimized(SelectionKey[] selectedKeys) {
for (int i = 0;; i ++) {
final SelectionKey k = selectedKeys[i];
if (k == null) {
break;
}
// null out entry in the array to allow to have it GC'ed once the Channel close
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2363
selectedKeys[i] = null;

final Object a = k.attachment();

if (a instanceof AbstractNioChannel) {
processSelectedKey(k, (AbstractNioChannel) a);
} else {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
NioTask<SelectableChannel> task = (NioTask<SelectableChannel>) a;
processSelectedKey(k, task);
}

if (needsToSelectAgain) {
// null out entries in the array to allow to have it GC'ed once the Channel close
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2363
for (;;) {
i++;
if (selectedKeys[i] == null) {
break;
}
selectedKeys[i] = null;
}

selectAgain();
// Need to flip the optimized selectedKeys to get the right reference to the array
// and reset the index to -1 which will then set to 0 on the for loop
// to start over again.
//
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/1523
selectedKeys = this.selectedKeys.flip();
i = -1;
}
}
}

在优化过的方法中,有事件发生的selectkey存放在数组selectedKeys中,通过遍历selectedKeys,处理每一个selectkey,具体处理过程,会在后续进行分析。

2、runAllTasks 处理非I/O任务。 如果 ioRatio 不为100时,方法runAllTasks的执行时间只能为ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio,其中ioTime 是方法processSelectedKeys的执行时间。

protected boolean runAllTasks(long timeoutNanos) {
fetchFromScheduledTaskQueue();
Runnable task = pollTask();
if (task == null) {
return false;
}

final long deadline = ScheduledFutureTask.nanoTime() + timeoutNanos;
long runTasks = 0;
long lastExecutionTime;
for (;;) {
try {
task.run();
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn("A task raised an exception.", t);
}
runTasks ++;
// Check timeout every 64 tasks because nanoTime() is relatively expensive.
// XXX: Hard-coded value - will make it configurable if it is really a problem.
if ((runTasks & 0x3F) == 0) {
lastExecutionTime = ScheduledFutureTask.nanoTime();
if (lastExecutionTime >= deadline) {
break;
}
}
task = pollTask();
if (task == null) {
lastExecutionTime = ScheduledFutureTask.nanoTime();
break;
}
}
this.lastExecutionTime = lastExecutionTime;
return true;
}

方法fetchFromScheduledTaskQueue把scheduledTaskQueue中已经超过延迟执行时间的任务移到taskQueue中等待被执行。

private void fetchFromScheduledTaskQueue() {
if (hasScheduledTasks()) {
long nanoTime = AbstractScheduledEventExecutor.nanoTime();
for (;;) {
Runnable scheduledTask = pollScheduledTask(nanoTime);
if (scheduledTask == null) {
break;
}
taskQueue.add(scheduledTask);
}
}
}

依次从taskQueue任务task执行,每执行64个任务,进行耗时检查,如果已执行时间超过预先设定的执行时间,则停止执行非IO任务,避免非IO任务太多,影响IO任务的执行。

666. 彩蛋

如果你对 Netty 并发感兴趣,欢迎加入我的知识星球一起交流。

知识星球

文章目录
  1. 1. 666. 彩蛋